Marketing strategy of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis

Posted by Zander Henry on Aug-22-2018

1. The vision of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis

The vision of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis is to be the leading quality service and product provider for customers. Being the best and the leading player means that Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis marketing strategy and operations focus on:

• Providing high quality of products and services
• Providing value to customers
• Concentrate on building customer experience

2. The mission of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis

Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis marketing strategy is grounded in its mission. The mission for Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis is to be the favorite brand of the customers. This mission is essential for the marketing strategy of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis as it focuses on all operations and marketing activities in the direction of:

• Consumer centrism
• Using research to understand and influence consumers

3. Brand Equity of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis

Understanding and knowing the brand equity is vital for directing and giving meaning to the marketing strategy of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis. The knowledge of brand equity will help in shaping Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis marketing strategy effectively – thereby facilitating the growth of business for Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis.

3.1. Brand awareness

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has high brand awareness because of international operations
• The company focuses on higher budget allocation in the country of origin
• Each market for Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has modified marketing and strategic directives and plans

3.2. Brand association

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis is directly associated with the brand name and product category
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has a broad product portfolio
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis is associated with promising and delivering quality and innovative products
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis is also associated with excellent customer service

3.3. Brand loyalty

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has been successful at gaining high consumer loyalty because of unique and influential marketing strategy
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has a global customer base
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis keeps adding value addition to the products and product portfolio to keep consumers engaged

3.4. Brand asset

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has a substantial brand value
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis also enjoys the high financial worth
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis focuses on building a reliable and robust employee base

3.5. Brand element

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis uses the brand element as a means of competitive advantage
• Uses adaptability in product, services, and marketing to meet different cultural demands

4. Situational Analysis of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis

The situational analysis will help in developing the marketing strategy of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis by conducting a thorough market analysis. This market analysis will aid in understanding the compatibility between external opportunities and other factors, and internal strengths – to be used to maximize the marketing influence of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis.

4.1. SWOT

4.1.1. Strengths

Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis marketing strategy can benefit from the following internal advantages:

• Strong brand image
• Global distribution network
• Investment in market research
• Innovation

4.1.2. Weakness

Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis faces challenges in marketing strategy because of the following weakness:

• Slow organizational processes
• High product prices

4.1.3. Opportunity

Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has the following possibilities of business growth:

• Green lifestyles
• Regional expansion
• Diversification

4.1.4. Threats

Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis faces business threats because of the following factors:

• Increased competition
• Increased imitation

4.2. PESTEL

4.2.1. Political

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis operates I markets with political stability
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has funding support from the government for small businesses

4.2.2. Economic

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis enjoys high sales because of higher GDP
• Lower interest rates make business expansion and loaning easier for Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis
• Low inflation strengthens the financial position of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis

4.2.3. Social

• Higher education and awareness increases sales of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis predict
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis focuses on understanding consumers and fulfilling their demands through its offerings

4.2.4. Environmental

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has an active CSR program
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis ensures environmental safety in all its operations

4.2.5. Legal

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis is aware of local and global laws of business and human resource management
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis abides by all statutes – especially labour law, discrimination law, and employee safety laws

4.3. Porter’s Five Forces

4.3.1. Threat of substitutes

• High risk of replacements
• Substitutes offer similar products at low prices

4.3.2. The threat of new entrants

• New entrants need high financial investment
• New entrants need updated technology for keeping par with industry progress

4.3.3. Bargaining power of buyers

• Sales made to end consumer directly
• Stocking of products at retailers, as well as own-controlled retail outlets

4.3.4. Bargaining power of suppliers

• Multiple suppliers of raw materials
• Suppliers are chosen after careful inspection, and through contracts

4.3.5. Industry rivalry

• High industry rivalry
• Players offer similar products
• Players compete through marketing to influence consumers

5. Marketing Objectives for Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis: The Marketing Strategy of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis

Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis marketing strategy has the following objectives for the current financial year:

5.1. Increased market penetration

• Increase top of mind recall for Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis brand and products by 30%
• Increase sales for Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis by 40% by the third quarter of the financial year
• Achieve a trial rate for new products of 10% during the first quarter of the launch
• Increase consumption rate of existing products by 45% during the current financial year

5.2. Enhanced brand recognition

• Increase top of mind recall by 65% during the current fiscal year
• Increase brand recognition by 80% during the first two quarters of the current financial year

5.3. Increased use of digital marketing

• Acquire 25,000 new online customers during the financial year
• Increase website traffic through using blogging and email tactics effectively by 505 during the first two quarters of the year
• Acquire 65,000 likes on the official Facebook page of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis during the first quarter of the financial year

5.4. Retail Growth

• Contract with five more leading supermarkets in the first quarter of the year to stock product at eye level shelving
• Contract with two leading online retail sites – eBay and Amazon – to stock our products, and increase accessibility for consumers globally by the second quarter of the financial year

6. Segmentation of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis

Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis marketing strategy uses different means of segmentation to reach an increase in market penetration.

6.1. Demographic segmentation

6.1.1. Age

Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has consumers of age groups

• 20-45 years
• 45-60 years

6.1.2. Gender

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has a broad product portfolio for both males and females

6.1.3. Life-cycle stage

Consumers for Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis, according to the marketing strategy, are in the following various life cycle stages:

• Single students
• Single graduates
• Single people living at home/not living at home
• Young couples without children
• Married couples with one to four children – all at home
• Married couples with one or two children in college
• Old married couples with an empty nest

6.1.4. Occupation

The marketing strategy devises the following occupations for Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis consumers:

• Professionals
• Students
• House makers

6.2. Psychographic segmentation

6.2.1. Social class

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis focuses on segments of middle-upper and upper social classes

6.2.2. Lifestyle

Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis consumer segments have the following lifestyle characteristics:

• They aspire towards a better and higher living standard
• They want to be successful – professionally and socially
• They are not hesitant to try new things, products and services in life
• They are confident in their behaviour and attitude
• They are mainstreamers in their fields

6.3. Geographic segmentation

6.3.1. Region

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has operations spread across the western developed countries such as America, the united kingdom, and the Netherlands
• It also has operations in emerging markets such as Brazil, India, and China

6.3.2. Density

• The focus of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis remains on the urban part of the population

6.4. Behavioural segmentation

6.4.1. Personality

The marketing strategy defines personality characteristics for the consumers of the brand of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis, such as:

• Determined
• Confident
• Ambitious
• Hardworking

6.4.2. Usage frequency

• The consumer segments for Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis are regular and frequent users of the product

6.4.3. Benefits sought

• Consumers seek functional benefits
• The focus, however, is more on the emotional benefits reaped from the consumption of the brand

6.4.4. Degree of loyalty

• Consumers are very loyal
• Have an emotional attachment with the brand

7. Targeting of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis Positioning of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis

The marketing strategy of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis targets consumer groups based on segmentation as follows:

7.1. Target market

• The target market for Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis is from middle to upper class
• The target market is ambitious and desires to purchase high-end consumer products
• This target market also seeks affordability
• To meet target market expectations, the Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis focuses on quality control

7.2. Mass marketing

• The marketing strategy of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis focuses on mass marketing
• This also requires unique marketing designs and product promotion programs
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis makes use of one strategy to influence all segments

7.3. Undifferentiated marketing strategy

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis does not differentiate between market segments
• It uses a single marketing strategy to target all segments and consumer groups
• Based on this, Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis also created the marketing mix under the marketing strategy as a singular one for the whole market – regardless of the segmentation divides.

7.4. Focus on quality

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has created, developed, and maintained a brand that satisfies all consumers under the undifferentiated marketing strategy and mass marketing
• No compromise on quality has been made in the broad product portfolio
• To ensure the influence of a single marketing strategy, the Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has also adopted a consumer-centric approach in its overall marketing strategy and operations as well
• This was used for targeting strategy as well as for maintaining growth

8. Company Competitive Advantage in the marketing strategy of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis

The marketing strategy of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis stands out from the clutter and competition. Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has also achieved a sustainable competitive advantage in its marketing strategy. This is because of the following factors that Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has utilized:

8.1. Cost-effectiveness

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis focuses on reaching consumers effectively rather than grandeur
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis focuses on developing an integrated marketing approach
• The use of digital marketing efficiently and expertly has helped the company reach a wider audience at a lower cost
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has in-house copywriters for marketing campaigns which also helps in controlling costs
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis also focuses efforts on ground activities – which are less expensive than commercial marketing tactics

8.2. Innovation

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has stayed updated with latest developments in marketing research and marketing knowledge
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis makes use of new and innovative tactics to reach its target consumers
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis also employs top of the field marketers to facilitate its marketing strategy and promotional campaigns
• Each marketing campaign launched by Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis is effective catchier and more influential than the previous one

8.3. Strong market research and consumer understanding grounded

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis marketing strategy is strongly grounded in consumer and market research
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis makes informed marketing campaigns and goals based on consumers’ behavioural feedback
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis also incorporates consumer feedback in its marketing strategy
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis marketing strategy is based on market trends, and consumer needs and wants

8.4. Making effective use of emotional appeals

• Consumers’ emotional needs strongly influence all marketing objectives and marketing goals set by Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis
• In addition to fulfilling functional needs, Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis also tries to fulfil the emotional and psychological needs of the consumer
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis tries to build a strong emotional bond with the consumer, which also results in high consumer loyalty

9. Distribution Strategy of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis

Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis marketing strategy highlights the use of the following distribution strategy to maximize reach and accessibility for consumers.

9.1. Intensive distribution strategy

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis makes use of intensive distribution strategy because it is mass marketing
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis’s marketing strategy is based on undifferentiated segments, and thus an intensive distribution strategy allows high penetration and reaches in the overall market
• With the use of the intensive distribution, Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis tries to maximise its coverage of the markets where it's present
• For achieving the intensive strategy, the company uses hardcore 360-degree integrated marketing strategy and campaign to reach all consumers, across all segments in the market.

9.2. Direct distribution strategy

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis uses direct distribution country of origin as well as in locations where it has subsidiary operations
• The Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis also makes use of modern retailing channels
• Also, Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis makes use of e-commerce and makes a sale through online retailers, as well as through the company website
• Direct distributions have allowed Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis to increase market penetration and accessibility for consumers

9.3. Indirect distribution strategy

• This strategy is largely used for offshore operations where the Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis does not have a subsidiary
• In these offshore locations, Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis largely works through the export model
• This makes use of several intermediaries in between, before the product by Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis reaches the target consumers
• Intermediaries for Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis include not only the end retail outlets, but also sales agents, retail agents, and distribution agents in offshore locations

9.4. Selective distribution strategy

• For some products of its portfolio which are premium in nature, Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis makes use of selective distribution channel
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has maintained a few outlets in the country of origin, and in selected offshore markets for these products
• These placements and locations are chosen based on the niche market that Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has for its premium products
• These locations, placements, and marketing strategy helps make the company’s product selectively, but readily accessible for its niche target audience

10. Competition Analysis in the marketing strategy of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis

The industry in which Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis operates is very responsive to market and consumer trends. Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis, therefore, needs to be vigilant in its market strategy towards competition – to make sure that it maintains its competitive advantage.

10.1. Strategic Group Analysis

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis competes with direct and close competition based on quality and price
• Consumers choose between different companies from the industry based on their functional offering
• Consumers have progressively evolved to strengthen loyalty and form an emotional bond with products that they consume
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis also competes, thereby, with close competition for building stronger brand image, increasing consume loyalty, and for forming strong emotional ties with the consumer

10.2. Industry rivalry

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis experiences high industry rivalry
• The barriers to entry for the industry are low, and new entrants gain easy access in the industry
• The number of local as well as global players is increasing

11. Marketing mix of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis

The marketing mix for Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis as per the marketing strategy is the following:

11.1. Product

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has a broad product portfolio
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis provides mass marketed products for all segments across the market undifferentiated
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis also provides some selected, premium products to niche customer groups
• All products in the portfolio consistently maintain high quality
• All products are tailored to meet consumer specifications, demands and needs across different regional markets
• The Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis maintains a high focus on innovation in products and introduces new products frequently to keep the consumers engaged

11.2. Place

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis wants to have a close, emotional and personal relationship with its consumers
• The company maintains high control in its distribution strategies – especially through direct distribution strategy
• The company has a presence in leading supermarkets
• The Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis also has company-operated stores in malls, and otherwise to make products accessible to consumers easily
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis also makes use of e-commerce to increase penetration and sales

11.3. Price

• The Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis prices its products so that its target consumers can afford it easily
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis uses relative pricing strategy for its products
• The price of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis’s products include not only the high quality raw materials and value additions but also the enhanced customer experience they deliver
• The company’s pricing strategy allows it to enjoy stable revenue and profit growth

11.4. Promotion

• The Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has a high budget allocated towards marketing activities
• The Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis invests substantially in digital marketing activities to reap high and effective results
• Use of digital marketing has also allowed Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis marketing strategy to cap costs and expenses
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis also takes part in direct consumer engagement through on-ground activities where the company initiates trials
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis also invests in traditional media channels to reach maximum consumers in the market

11.5. People

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis has a large workforce across different companies
• This workforce is continually trained to become experts in their respective fields of operations
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis hires without discrimination
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis ensures that its employees remain motivated through building an inspirational and creative organizational culture
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis focuses on also building and maintaining organizational commitment and loyalty in its employees

11.6. Process

• All activities at Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis - from raw material procurement to the final sale to the end consumer - undergo systematic processes
• The processes at Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis are well defined, and well communicated to all employees
• All employees are trained to follow the processes internally to ensure consistently high quality as well as timely production and deliveries
• The systematic processes also ensure a smooth running of operations at the Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis

11.7. Physical evidence

• The physical evidence for Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis includes the company logo, company store designs, and the product packaging
• Satisfied and excited customers in the retail spaces of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis, as well as during product consumption create a bubbling and an inviting atmosphere
• The e-commerce website for retail by Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis is also designed with a friendly customer interface to allow maximum interaction with the brand
• The store designs created by Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis for its retail space allow consumers maximum interaction with the products directly.

12. Promotional tactics for the marketing strategy of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis

12.1. Digital marketing

• The company uses social media for reaching consumers effectively
• The Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis interacts with the consumers directly, and engages with them, answers their queries and takes their feedback
• The company also shares information and build relationships with consumers through digital marketing
• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis also makes use of blogging, emails, and content creations as a means of digital marketing

12.2. Conventional marketing

• The company uses a 360-degree approach in its marketing strategy
• This means that the company makes use of traditional marketing channels as well – such as TV, magazine adverts, and out of house placements

12.3. Influencers

• For direct, on-ground engagement, the company uses influencers
• Influencers interact with consumers directly, or through their channels of communication as a means of content creation and endorsing the Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis brand

13. Monitoring and evaluation of the marketing strategy of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis

13.1. Changes in sales

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis regularly tracks its sales to identify the effectiveness of its marketing strategy
• Increase in sales reflect the success of marketing strategy of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis
• Sometimes, Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis experiences increase ins ae after some time of the launch of the marketing promotions

13.2. Surveys and focus groups

• Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis frequently conducts focus groups and surveys to identify its brand worth
• These methods also help the company identify brand value, brand recall, and brand recognition
• Focus groups allow Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis to gather feedback on its marketing strategy and helps it understand consumers better

13.3. ROI

• Effectiveness of marketing strategy of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis can also be seen through the revenue and profit growth
• Return on investment allows Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis to effective gauge the effect and influence of the marketing strategy, and measure its success

13.4. Attainment of marketing objectives

• All marketing objectives set by Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis are SMART
• The quantitative set against each of the marketing objective can facilitate attainment evaluation for the overall marketing strategy
• Successful and timely attainment of these marketing objectives highlight the success of the marketing strategy of Difficult Choices - An Introduction to Cost Effectiveness Analysis