VRIO Analysis of Marks Spencer

Posted by Zachary Edwards on Mar-22-2018

The VRIO Analysis of Marks Spencer will look at each of its internal resources one by one to assess whether these provide sustained competitive advantage. The Marks Spencer VRIO Analysis also mentions at each stage whether these resources could be improved to provide a greater competitive advantage. Lastly, the resources analysed are summarised as to whether they offer sustained competitive advantage, has an unused competitive advantage, temporary competitive advantage, competitive parity or competitive disadvantage.

Valuable

• The Marks Spencer VRIO Analysis shows that the financial resources of Marks Spencer are highly valuable as these help in investing into external opportunities that arise. These also help Marks Spencer in combating external threats.
• According to the VRIO Analysis of Marks Spencer, its local food products are a valuable resource as these are highly differentiated. This makes the perceived value for these by customers high. These are also valued more than the competition by customers due to the differentiation in these products.
• The Marks Spencer VRIO Analysis shows that Marks Spencer's employees are a valuable resource to the firm. A significant portion of the workforce is highly trained, and this leads to more productive output for the organisation. The employees are also loyal, and retention levels for the organisation are high. All of this translates into greater value for the end consumers of Marks Spencer's products.
• According to the VRIO Analysis of Marks Spencer, its patents are a valuable resource as these allow the firm to sell its products without competitive interference. This results in greater revenue for Marks Spencer. These patents also provide Marks Spencer with licensing revenue when it licenses these patents out to other manufacturers.
• The Marks Spencer VRIO Analysis shows that Marks Spencer’s distribution network is a valuable resource. This helps it in reaching out to more and more customers. This ensures greater revenues for Marks Spencer. It also ensures that promotion activities translate into sales as the products are easily available.
• According to the VRIO Analysis of Marks Spencer, its cost structure is not a valuable resource. This is because the methods of production lead to greater costs than that of competition, which affects the overall profits of the firm. Therefore, its cost structure is a competitive disadvantage that needs to be worked on.
• The Marks Spencer VRIO Analysis shows that the research and development at Marks Spencer is not a valuable resource. This is because research and development are costing more than the benefits it provides in the form of innovation. There have been very few innovative features and breakthrough products in the past few years. Therefore, research and development are a competitive disadvantage for Marks Spencer. It is recommended that the research and development teams are improved, and costs are cut for these.

Rare

• The financial resources of Marks Spencer are found to be rare according to the VRIO Analysis of Marks Spencer. Strong financial resources are only possessed by a few companies in the industry.
• The local food products are found to be not rare as identified by Marks Spencer VRIO Analysis. These are easily provided in the market by other competitors. This means that competitors can use these resources in the same way as Marks Spencer and inhibit competitive advantage. This means that the local food products result in competitive parity for Marks Spencer. As this resource is valuable, Marks Spencer can still make use of this resource.
• The employees of Marks Spencer are a rare resource as identified by the VRIO Analysis of Marks Spencer. These employees are highly trained and skilled, which is not the case with employees in other firms. The better compensation and work environment ensure that these employees do not leave for other firms.
• The patents of Marks Spencer are a rare resource as identified by the Marks Spencer VRIO Analysis. These patents are not easily available and are not possessed by competitors. This allows Marks Spencer to use them without interference from the competition.
• The distribution network of Marks Spencer is a rare resource as identified by the VRIO Analysis of Marks Spencer. This is because competitors would require a lot of investment and time to come up with a better distribution network than that of Marks Spencer. These are also possessed by very few firms in the industry.

Imitable

• The financial resources of Marks Spencer are costly to imitate as identified by the Marks Spencer VRIO Analysis. These resources have been acquired by the company through prolonged profits over the years. New entrants and competitors would require similar profits for a long period of time to accumulate these amounts of financial resources.
• The local food products are not that costly to imitate as identified by the VRIO Analysis of Marks Spencer. These can be acquired by competitors as well if they invest a significant amount in research and development. These also do not require years long experience. Therefore, the local food products by Marks Spencer provide it with a temporary competitive advantage that competitors can too acquire in the long run.
• The employees of Marks Spencer are also not costly to imitate as identified by the Marks Spencer VRIO Analysis. This is because other firms can also train their employees to improve their skills. These companies can also hire employees from Marks Spencer by offering better compensation packages, work environment, benefits, growth opportunities etc. This makes the employees of Marks Spencer a resource that provides a temporary competitive advantage. Competition can acquire these in the future.
• The patents of Marks Spencer are very difficult to imitate as identified by the VRIO Analysis of Marks Spencer. This is because it is not legally allowed to imitate a patented product. Similar resources to be developed and getting a patent for them is also a costly process.
• The distribution network of Marks Spencer is also very costly to imitate by competition as identified by the Marks Spencer VRIO Analysis. This has been developed over the years gradually by Marks Spencer. Competitors would have to invest a significant amount if they are to imitate a similar distribution system.

Organisation

• The financial resources of Marks Spencer are organised to capture value as identified by the VRIO Analysis of Marks Spencer. These resources are used strategically to invest in the right places; making use of opportunities and combatting threats. Therefore, these resources prove to be a source of sustained competitive advantage for Marks Spencer.
• The Patents of Marks Spencer are not well organised as identified by the Marks Spencer VRIO Analysis. This means that the organisation is not using these patents to their full potential. An unused competitive advantage exists that can be changed into a sustainable competitive advantage if Marks Spencer starts selling patented products before the patents expire.
• The distribution network of Marks Spencer is organised as identified by the VRIO Analysis of Marks Spencer. Marks Spencer uses this network to reach out to its customers by ensuring that products are available on all of its outlets. Therefore, these resources prove to be a source of sustained competitive advantage for Marks Spencer.

From the VRIO Analysis of Marks Spencer, it was identified that the financial resources and distribution network provide a sustained competitive advantage. The patents are a source of unused competitive advantage. There exists a temporary competitive advantage for employees. There exists a competitive parity for local food products. Lastly, the cost structure of Marks Spencer is a competitive disadvantage. Research and Development is also a competitive disadvantage.